Right Hand Man Lyrics > Hamilton

Exploring the Meaning and Impact of "Right Hand Man" from Hamilton

Song Credits:

• Featuring Artists: Christopher Jackson, Lin-Manuel Miranda, Leslie Odom Jr., and the Original Broadway Cast of Hamilton
• Producers: Bill Sherman, ?uestlove, Black Thought, Alex Lacamoire, Lin-Manuel Miranda
• Composer and Writer: Lin-Manuel Miranda
• Release Date: 2015
• Musical Instruments: Drums, Bass, Guitar, Banjo, Synthesizer, Viola, Harp, Violin, Percussion, Cello, Keyboards
• Label: Atlantic Records
• Musical Genre: Hip hop, Show tune
• Album: Hamilton (Original Broadway Cast Recording)
• Language: English
• Mood: Dramatic, Inspirational

Song Meaning

"Right Hand Man" serves as a crucial narrative juncture in the musical Hamilton, introducing General George Washington and detailing the burgeoning relationship between him and Alexander Hamilton. Set against the backdrop of the American Revolutionary War, the song encapsulates the dire circumstances faced by the Continental Army and the strategic alliance that forms between the two central figures.

In the musical Hamilton, the character of Richard Howe, 1st Earl of Howe, plays a pivotal role. Initially a Whig sympathetic to the colonists, he later faced suspicion from the British parliament for not aggressively pursuing the war. By the time of the Invasion of Long Island, however, he was fully engaged in prosecuting the war along New York City’s coastline. The phrase "In The Heights" and "96,000" was initially included subconsciously but later recognized as part of a pattern, with multiple references to "thirty-two thousand," ultimately adding up to 96,000.

The call-and-response structure in this section enhances the sense of encirclement, reinforcing the idea of closing forces. The lyrical composition subtly references In The Heights' "96,000," possibly playing on words: "When they're around our troops, they surround our troops." Hamilton, in his younger and greener phase during "Aaron Burr, Sir," echoes this phrasing, reinforcing his developing perspective.

During the 1700s, war and revolution provided rare opportunities for social mobility. Men of humble birth, like Hamilton, could distinguish themselves through military or intellectual prowess, particularly in times of upheaval when class barriers temporarily weakened. His wish for war aligns with one of the musical’s central themes.

The phrase "tell my(/your) story" emerges here as a recurring motif throughout the show. In Hamilton, "story" extends beyond a personal legacy to the broader issue of historical narrative and who controls it. Hamilton acknowledges that others will dictate how he is remembered, and his legacy is not fully within his grasp.

Chris Jackson, a well-known cast member and a fan of Lin-Manuel Miranda, had previously starred in In The Heights. The setting of New York City allows Miranda to incorporate references familiar to audiences. In this line, Washington’s Virginia estate is mentioned, but for rap fans, "Money-earnin' Mount Vernon," a city bordering the Bronx, may come to mind.

George Washington is depicted as a figure of unimpeachable moral authority, embodying traits of both Common and John Legend. Chris Jackson’s portrayal of Washington blends regal composure with the commanding presence of a leader.

The Broadway portrayal of Washington, performed by Jackson, featured a tenor/baritone voice that balanced singing and rapping. Washington’s dignified nature is highlighted, while his bursts of frustration—seen through his rapping—mirror his deep investment in the revolutionary cause. His measured speech contrasts with moments of intensity, where he engages in faster, more complex lyrical patterns.

The use of "buck" references the one-dollar bill featuring Washington’s face or the phrase "the buck stops here." The beat mimicking a heartbeat underscores the fragile state of the Revolution. Miranda has stated that Washington only raps when frustrated, emphasizing his otherwise composed demeanor.

Washington's ability to code-switch mirrors modern political strategies. His avoidance of informal speech—except in moments of heightened tension—aligns with respectability politics. This technique recalls Shakespeare, who often had characters shift from verse to prose when impaired or overwhelmed. Similarly, Washington adjusts his speech depending on the situation, maintaining a formal tone in public but employing intricate rhymes when angered.

The phrase "elephant in the room" typically signifies an unspoken but widely acknowledged issue. While Washington is revered, he privately grapples with the reality of the revolution’s precarious state. This struggle is echoed in pop culture, including a Busta Rhymes lyric from "I Got Bass," which Miranda and Jon Rua once lip-synched in a 2011 YouTube video.

The Revolutionary War was in dire straits when Washington assumed command. After early victories near Boston, the British launched a major offensive against New York, resulting in one of the war’s largest battles. Washington suffered defeat but managed a narrow escape across the Hudson River. The pun on "fleet" and "fleeing" plays on both their immediate retreat and the later necessity of Lafayette’s naval assistance to secure victory.

Desertions and retreats plagued the Continental Army, particularly in the early years. Discipline only improved after Baron Von Steuben’s arrival. Washington withdrew to Brooklyn Heights as British forces advanced. The rook in chess, symbolizing Brooklyn, is a valuable piece—its loss can turn the tide of a game, mirroring the British occupation of the city.

During the war, the British mapped Manhattan in detail, producing the "British Headquarters Map," a crucial record of defensive works and one of the earliest topographical maps of the island.

On September 15, 1776, British General William Howe landed 12,000 troops on Manhattan’s southern tip, swiftly securing the city. Washington retreated north to Harlem Heights, where Aaron Burr played a critical role in saving an entire brigade, including Hamilton, from capture. To balance his forces, Washington stationed 5,000 troops in Lower Manhattan while others engaged in battle uptown.

Washington faced scrutiny for strategic errors, particularly his failure to secure key passes in the Heights of Guan, allowing the British to launch a surprise attack. The Continental Army's disorganized retreat at Kip’s Bay further tarnished Washington’s leadership. However, he rebounded with his famous Christmas crossing of the Delaware, leading to victory at Trenton.

In July 1776, as the British fleet gathered in New York Harbor, Washington wrote to Congress requesting additional aides-de-camp. Overwhelmed by administrative duties, he argued for expanding his staff to manage the war effort efficiently.

Before the U.S. adopted "Mr. President," Washington was addressed as "Your Excellency," the same title used for British royalty. The shift in terminology reflected a desire to distinguish the new republic from its former colonial rulers.

In "Aaron Burr, Sir," Hamilton is an unknown figure, while Burr’s reputation precedes him. A few songs later, Hamilton has overtaken Burr in prominence, marking the beginning of Burr’s resentment. Burr views Hamilton’s successes as opportunities that should have been his, fueling lifelong animosity.

Washington’s terse responses to Burr suggest disinterest, while his interaction with Hamilton is direct and engaged. Hamilton’s assertiveness impresses Washington, contrasting with Burr’s strategic but less bold approach. Historical evidence suggests multiple generals sought Hamilton as an aide-de-camp, but he initially declined such roles, valuing combat experience.

The phrase "rise above my station" in Hamilton’s lyrics references his ambitions, while "rise to the occasion of our new nation" expands to a collective goal. Similar phrasing appears in his letters, underscoring his drive to transcend his background.

The motif of "rise up" from "My Shot" returns with added layers of meaning. Initially symbolizing rebellion, it now encompasses Hamilton’s personal ascent and his role in shaping a new nation. His ambition aligns with historical figures like Lincoln, who urged Americans to "rise with the occasion" during times of national crisis.

Historical Context and Inspiration

The song is set during the early stages of the Revolutionary War, specifically around the Battle of Long Island in 1776. The Continental Army, under Washington's command, faced significant challenges, being outnumbered and outmaneuvered by British forces. This context is vividly portrayed in the lyrics, highlighting the urgency and desperation of the situation.

Composition and Musical Style

Lin-Manuel Miranda masterfully blends hip-hop rhythms with traditional musical theater elements in this track. The rapid-fire lyrics and dynamic beats reflect the chaos and intensity of war, while the incorporation of motifs from earlier songs, such as "My Shot," reinforces the recurring themes of ambition and resilience.

Narrative and Themes

The central theme of "Right Hand Man" revolves around leadership, mentorship, and the forging of alliances. Washington's acknowledgment of his need for assistance and Hamilton's eagerness to prove himself culminate in a partnership that becomes pivotal to the Revolutionary cause. The song also touches on the burdens of command and the sacrifices inherent in the pursuit of freedom.

Imagery and Metaphors

The song employs vivid imagery to convey the dire military situation, such as references to being "outgunned, outmanned, outnumbered, outplanned." Additionally, the line "Now I'm the model of a modern major general" is a clever nod to Gilbert and Sullivan's "The Pirates of Penzance," showcasing Miranda's knack for intertextual references.

Songs with Similar Themes

1. "One Last Time" from Hamilton: This song further explores the mentor-mentee relationship between Washington and Hamilton, delving into themes of legacy, leadership transition, and the personal sacrifices made for the greater good.
2. "History Has Its Eyes on You" from Hamilton: In this number, Washington imparts wisdom to Hamilton, emphasizing the weight of leadership and the lasting impact of their actions on future generations, mirroring the guidance and responsibility highlighted in "Right Hand Man."
3. "Defying Gravity" from Wicked: While from a different musical, this song shares themes of ambition, breaking free from limitations, and forging one's own path, akin to Hamilton's journey alongside Washington.

Questions and Answers

Why does Washington choose Hamilton as his aide-de-camp?

Washington recognizes Hamilton's intelligence, ambition, and unwavering commitment to the Revolutionary cause, seeing in him a valuable ally who can provide strategic insights and support.

How does "Right Hand Man" foreshadow Hamilton's future political career?

The song highlights Hamilton's strategic mind and leadership qualities, traits that paved the way for his significant contributions to the founding of the United States, including his role as the first Secretary of the Treasury.

What is the significance of the repeated phrase "rise up" in the song?

The phrase "rise up" serves as a rallying cry, symbolizing the collective struggle for independence and the personal ambitions of characters like Hamilton who seek to elevate their status and impact through the revolution.

Awards and Chart Positions

While "Right Hand Man" itself did not chart independently, the Hamilton cast recording achieved significant commercial success. The album topped the Billboard Cast Albums Chart and won the Grammy Award for Best Musical Theater Album in 2016. Additionally, "Right Hand Man" was certified gold by the RIAA on January 9, 2019.

Fan and Media Reactions

Fans have praised "Right Hand Man" for its gripping storytelling, energetic musical composition, and historical accuracy. Christopher Jackson's commanding portrayal of George Washington, combined with Lin-Manuel Miranda's performance as Hamilton, has made this song a standout moment in the musical.

"The way Washington commands the stage in 'Right Hand Man' is nothing short of iconic. Christopher Jackson’s performance brings a depth of authority and wisdom to the role."

"Hamilton’s determination, Washington’s leadership, and the urgency of war come together in this song perfectly. It’s one of the most powerful moments in the entire show."

Media reviews have noted the song’s ability to merge hip-hop storytelling with historical events, making it both educational and entertaining. The blend of modern musical influences with Revolutionary-era themes has resonated with audiences of all ages.

The song continues to be a fan-favorite, often performed at Hamilton concerts and public events. Its themes of leadership, resilience, and strategy remain relevant, reinforcing its place as one of the defining moments of the musical.