Song Words Meaning and Impact of "Stars" by Philip Quast
Song Credits:
- Featuring Artist(s): Philip Quast
- Producer(s): David Caddick
- Composer: Claude-Michel Schönberg
- Writer: Herbert Kretzmer (English lyrics), Alain Boublil and Jean-Marc Natel (original French lyrics)
- Release Date: 1988
- Label: Not specified
- Musical Genre: Musical Theater
- Album: Les Misérables: The Complete Symphonic Recording
- Track #: 16
- Language(s): English
- Mood: Determined, Resolute
Song Meaning
"Stars" is a pivotal solo performed by the character Javert in the musical Les Misérables. In this piece, Javert reflects on his unwavering commitment to law and order, drawing a parallel between the constancy of the stars and his steadfastness in pursuing justice. He views the stars as symbols of divine order, illuminating the darkness with their predictable and unchanging presence. This metaphor underscores Javert's rigid belief system, where he sees himself as an instrument of divine justice, destined to capture the fugitive Jean Valjean.
The song delves into Javert's psyche, revealing his black-and-white worldview. He believes that those who "fall as Lucifer fell" must face retribution, highlighting his inability to comprehend the concepts of mercy and redemption. This perspective sets up the central conflict between Javert and Valjean, who embody forgiveness and transformation.
In the musical Les Misérables, Valjean is on a journey of salvation, while Javert believes God supports him in this ideological battle. He is loyal and unwavering in his beliefs, but his prejudice blinds his judgment, closing his heart to the Christian virtues of mercy and redemption. This irony is evident in their final face-off in "Javert's Suicide," where Valjean finally convinces Javert that he has judged wrong and that people can rise above their past sins.
In "Valjean's Soliloquy," Valjean chooses to turn away from the path of bitterness his hard life has put him on and instead makes it his life's purpose to serve God. His story ends with his salvation. However, Javert realizes too late that his path was not as righteous as he thought, and as his belief system crumbles around him, he commits suicide, a mortal sin that cuts him off from salvation. As he is not shown in the "Epilogue" among the other righteous dead, we can assume he was not saved.
The line "Javert's Monomaniacal View of the World" condenses many depictions of God's judgment in the Bible. Lucifer, often characterized as the Morning Star, plotted to overthrow God and was cast into the pits of Hell, where he became the Devil. His fall "like a flash of lightning" from Heaven serves as an archetype for the fall from grace of all sinners.
In the book of Revelation, the dead will be judged by their character and their actions, and if their books don't balance in the favor of good, their souls will be "put to the sword," or eternally cast into a lake of fire (read: Hell).
Javert's monomaniacal view of the world shows that one "fall" is enough to condemn someone previously considered "righteous." He does not tolerate mistakes, viewing them as essential changes in nature.
In summary, the musical Les Misérables explores the themes of morality, repentance, and the consequences of one's actions. The characters, including Valjean, Javert, and the Night Sky, demonstrate the tragic consequences of one's actions and the importance of understanding the world around us.
The 25th Anniversary restaging of the play "Stars" features new backdrops inspired by Victor Hugo's landscape paintings. Stars bring light to dark times and follow fixed patterns throughout the seasons, providing a stable point of reference for explorers. They also symbolize hope, guidance, and direction in many parables. In the Bible, the three magi were able to follow the Star of Bethlehem to find Jesus in his manger.
Javert's symbol, stars, is the light that we can see in the night. Born inside a jail, Javert has spent his time in the world of "darkness" since he was born. The virtue of rigid self-determination, following the rules so he didn't end up "like them," was the only light he could grasp. He couldn't know the greater enlightenment of concepts like mercy or love.
Javert compares himself to the stars, pointing out his strong stance on the side of justice. Just as stars stay firm in their course, Javert keeps watch over the scoundrels of France. He is The Sentinel, a star of justice in the dark world of criminals like Jean Valjean.
The metaphor between falling stars and Lucifer's fall "like lightning" from Heaven is particularly apt because Lucifer was also called the Morning Star. In actuality, the Morning Star is actually the planet Venus, not a star at all—not unlike how falling stars are meteorites, burning up on entry into Earth's atmosphere. These false stars are both rather ostentatiously expelled from Javert's long solo metaphor, adding another level of hubristic high-handedness to the song.
More evidence of Javert's misguided sense of Christian righteousness is revealed in the book of Revelation, where the gates of heaven only bear the names of the twelve tribes of Israel, essentially the fathers of the Judeo-Christian faith. According to Albert Barnes' biblical commentary, this symbolizes that there is a place for every child of God in heaven. Javert shows himself to be completely oblivious to the idea that everyone is capable of achieving salvation.
In "Javert's Suicide," Javert contemplates whether he was right in pinning Valjean as the villain all along. However, three lines in a whole song of vaunting rings a bit false. Taken overall, this verse is more likely Javert's concluding paragraph, where he restates his thesis: his determination that he "never shall yield, till [they] come face to face." He asks God to bless this mission, to help him find Valjean and dish out the justice the man's escaped so far.
Gavroche, a character with a similar background to Javert, is the best choice to provide the antidote to Javert's solo. He has developed a keen sense of observation to survive on the streets of Paris, allowing him to see a larger picture of the poverty and suffering surrounding him. Gavroche also speaks directly to the audience, reminding them that the story ends for them, but Gavroche cannot do the same.
Imagery and Metaphors
The recurring imagery of stars serves as a powerful metaphor for order and fate. Javert's admiration for their fixed positions reflects his desire for a world governed by unyielding laws. Phrases like "Stars in your multitudes, scarce to be counted" emphasize the vastness and reliability of the cosmos, mirroring Javert's reliance on the law as an absolute guiding force.
Which Songs Share Similar Themes?
- "Hellfire" from Disney's The Hunchback of Notre Dame: Sung by Judge Claude Frollo, this song explores themes of internal conflict and righteousness. Frollo, much like Javert, grapples with his strict moral code and the darker desires he harbors, showcasing the dangers of fanaticism.
- "Epiphany" from Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street: In this number, Sweeney Todd reflects on his thirst for vengeance and the moral decay he perceives in society. The song delves into the psyche of a man driven by a singular purpose, akin to Javert's relentless pursuit of Valjean.
- "Gethsemane (I Only Want to Say)" from Jesus Christ Superstar: This song portrays Jesus's anguish and resolve as he faces his impending fate. While thematically different, it shares the motif of a character confronting their destiny and the weight of their convictions.
Questions and Answers
- Why does Javert compare himself to the stars?
- Javert sees the stars as embodiments of order and constancy, qualities he strives to uphold in his role as an officer of the law. By aligning himself with the stars, he emphasizes his dedication to maintaining justice without deviation.
- How does "Stars" foreshadow Javert's fate?
- The song highlights Javert's inflexible nature and inability to adapt his moral framework. This rigidity ultimately leads to his internal crisis and tragic end when confronted with Valjean's acts of mercy, which contradict his black-and-white perception of justice.
- What is the significance of the Lucifer reference in the song?
- Javert references Lucifer's fall to illustrate the consequences of straying from righteousness. This allusion underscores his belief that any deviation from the moral path warrants severe punishment, reflecting his uncompromising stance on law and order.
Which Awards and Chart Positions Did the Composition Achieve?
While "Stars" itself did not chart as a standalone single, Les Misérables: The Complete Symphonic Recording, which features Philip Quast's rendition of the song, received critical acclaim. The album won the 1988 Grammy Award for Best Musical Cast Show Album, cementing its status in musical theater history.
Fan and Media Reactions
"Stars" has remained one of the most celebrated solos in *Les Misérables*, earning praise for both its lyrical depth and the commanding presence required to perform it effectively. Philip Quast's portrayal of Javert is widely considered one of the definitive renditions, with his deep, authoritative voice capturing the character’s unshakable faith in justice.
Critical Acclaim
Critics have highlighted the song as a masterclass in musical storytelling. The composition's steady, hymn-like structure mirrors Javert’s unwavering moral compass, while the soaring melody allows performers to convey the character’s passion and conviction. Many have noted that "Stars" offers one of the best insights into Javert’s mindset, making him more than just an antagonist, but a deeply complex and tragic figure.
“Philip Quast’s performance of ‘Stars’ is the gold standard for this role. His commanding stage presence and rich vocals make Javert’s struggle between duty and conscience feel palpable.”
“Few songs capture a character’s philosophy as perfectly as ‘Stars’ does for Javert. It’s a hauntingly beautiful piece that transforms the relentless inspector into one of the most intriguing characters in *Les Misérables*.”
Fan Interpretations
Fans of the musical often discuss how "Stars" portrays Javert as a tragic figure rather than a straightforward villain. Many view his strict adherence to the law as both his strength and his greatest flaw, ultimately leading to his downfall. His belief in justice is absolute, and when Valjean’s mercy challenges this worldview, Javert is unable to reconcile the contradiction, leading to his demise.
Some fans have also pointed out the irony in Javert’s belief that Valjean is "fallen from grace." In the broader narrative, Valjean is the one who seeks redemption and embodies Christian virtues such as forgiveness and kindness. Javert, on the other hand, remains rigid in his belief system, ultimately being the one who is "lost" in the end.
Memorable Performances
- Philip Quast – Considered the definitive Javert, Quast’s performance remains a benchmark for the role.
- Russell Crowe – His portrayal in the 2012 *Les Misérables* film received mixed reactions, with some praising his effort while others criticized his vocal delivery.
- Norm Lewis – As the first Black actor to play Javert on Broadway, Lewis brought a fresh interpretation to the role with a deep, resonant voice and nuanced performance.
Cultural Impact and Legacy
"Stars" continues to be one of the most recognizable numbers from *Les Misérables*, often performed in concert versions of the musical and by solo vocalists showcasing their range and dramatic ability. The song’s themes of duty, justice, and moral rigidity remain relevant, resonating with audiences across generations.
The influence of "Stars" extends beyond musical theater. Its portrayal of a man grappling with his convictions has made it a popular reference in discussions about characters who struggle with rigid belief systems. Javert's character arc has been compared to figures in literature and film who face similar internal conflicts, making his journey one of the most compelling aspects of *Les Misérables*.
Why Does "Stars" Still Resonate?
- It presents a powerful exploration of justice versus mercy, a timeless philosophical debate.
- The melody is rich and evocative, making it a standout moment in the musical.
- Javert’s perspective adds depth to the story, providing contrast to Valjean’s journey of redemption.